Advance fee fraud is when fraudsters target victims to make advance or upfront payments for goods, services and/or financial gains that do not materialise.

Types of advance fee fraud include:

Career opportunity scams

Clairvoyant or psychic scams

Cheque overpayment fraud

Dating or romance scams

Fraud recovery fraud

https://www.getsafeonline.org/personal/articles/advance-fee-frauds/