Food fraud is a serious crime. It is typically an organised, entrepreneurial crime that generates significant profits. It compromises the integrity of food systems causing economic harm, illness and death. Understanding the total economic cost of food fraud and its constituent cost drivers supports the development of policies that seek to strengthen the resilience and integrity of the food industry. However, measuring the cost of crime is a very challenging problem.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949791426000254